Embedding the UN Guiding Principles in Finland’s State Financing of Private Sector Activity Abroad

Between 2018-2021, THE FINNISH GOVERNMENT engaged Shift to support a comprehensive approach to integrating the UN Guiding Principles into the work of the main programs and agencies that provide state financing to Finnish businesses investing abroad. This included Finland’s national development finance institution and export credit agency, and several tailored programs, including one focused on private equity.

Shift’s support aimed to strengthen alignment between the policies, processes and practices of these agencies and programs and the expectations of the UNGPs, by embedding a human rights lens in their due diligence approaches. Read the final program report to learn more about the key takeaways – and three tools developed as part of Shift’s wider Valuing Respect Project that can help any financial institution – whether public or private sector – strengthen its human rights efforts.

Enhancing the S in ESG: Tools for Investors and Lenders to Drive Better Evaluation and Engagement on Human Rights

Investors and lenders are responding to financial incentives and external pressure to better consider human rights impacts connected to their investment and financing activities. These impacts are at the core of a company’s social performance or the “S” in ESG. However, despite increasing internal support for more explicit consideration of social performance, existing “S” data skews heavily towards well-known industry and geographic risk profiles and “observable basics” in the form of documented policies and processes, or numbers of audits, issues found, grievances or media stories about a company. 

At best these types of information signal minimal compliance with aspects of international standards of business conduct, well-known reporting frameworks and recent legal developments. But they offer little insight into whether a company has made or will make progress towards achieving improvements in its business practices and the resulting outcomes for workers, communities, and consumers. At worst, conclusions drawn from some of the “S” data can mislead financial institutions to allocate money and attention to the most talked about companies, versus those that bring the highest exposure to financial institutions due to the severity of risks to people and business. 

For three years, as part of our Valuing Respect Project, Shift worked with companies, investors, and civil society organizations around the world to research and co-create improved ways to evaluate business respect for human rights. The resulting, publicly available products can be used by investors and lenders in: 

  • Focusing their screening and engagement activities on whether portfolio companies are wired – at the level of their business model, strategy, and culture – to anticipate and address the most severe risks to people connected to their operations and value chain. 
  • Designing and measuring the impact of strategies that aim to effect changes in the behavior of investees and clients so as to achieve better outcomes for people and business. 

This series provides an overview of the indicators and tools developed, and how investors and lenders are beginning to draw from them to facilitate and strengthen their work.

These tools were produced as part of a multi-year program of expert support to the Finnish Government, focused on integrating the UNGPs into the activities of the main state agencies and programs supporting Finnish private sector investment abroad. This work is summarized in the final program report.

3 resources
December 2022

Business Model Red Flags

Investors and lenders may be missing a key source of risk in their portfolios, as well as the opportunity for more sophisticated and effective engagement, if they fail to consider how a company’s business model can lead to negative impacts on human rights.

December 2022

Leadership and Governance Indicators of a Rights Respecting Culture

Lenders and investors that can identify the appropriate leadership and governance characteristics that drive a rights-respecting culture, can better understand and influence the extent to which their portfolio companies think and act about impacts on people. This resource offers an introduction to Shift’s Leadership and Governance Indicators.

December 2022

Indicator Design Tool – a tool for Financial Institutions

The Indicator Design Tool provides financial institutions with a structured way to design and measure their efforts to use leverage with portfolio companies. At the core of the tool is an approach known as Theory of Change thinking: a well-established practice for designing, monitoring and evaluating interventions.

Comments by Shift on the ISSB Sustainability Reporting Standards

The case for developing a ‘social’ standard as a matter of priority

As the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) considers its forward workplan, looking beyond its first draft standards on Climate and General Requirements, it should be a priority for the Board to develop a thematic standard on ‘social-related’ disclosures. This can provide a much-needed, coherent frame for the future integration of sector-specific standards that build on the work of the Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) and others regarding, for example, health and safety, and diversity, equity and inclusion, along with other aspects of human capital. But a general standard on social-related disclosures is a necessary precursor to addressing those more granular issues.

In these comments, we elaborate on the case for a thematic ISSB standard on social-related disclosures, before touching briefly on the alternative ways such a standard could be framed. Finally, we highlight a number of ways in which this standard should complement but go beyond ISSB’s ‘General Requirements’ draft standard to address the particular risks and opportunities associated with social issues.

La proposition de la Commission européenne pour une directive sur le devoir de vigilance des entreprises en matière de durabilité, Analyse de Shift

Le 23 février 2022, la Commission européenne a publié sa proposition de directive du Parlement européen et du Conseil sur le devoir de vigilance des entreprises en matière de durabilité. L’objectif principal de cette proposition “vise à faire en sorte que les entreprises qui opèrent sur le marché intérieur contribuent au développement durable […] grâce au recensement, à la prévention, à l’atténuation, à la suppression et à la réduction au minimum des incidences négatives potentielles ou réelles sur les droits de l’homme et l’environnement découlant des activités propres aux entreprises, à leurs filiales et à leurs chaînes de valeur.”

La directive peut avoir un impact positif, que ce soit pour les personnes ou la planète, en renforçant la qualité des processus de devoir de vigilance portant sur les droits humains et les risques environnementaux les plus graves, en encourageant des formes créatives d’actions individuelles et collectives pour adresser les risques à travers la chaîne de valeur, en améliorant la gouvernance interne et en élargissant l’accès aux voies de recours pour les personnes affectées par les activités des entreprises. 

Cependant, pour que la directive atteigne ses objectifs et réalise l’ambition affichée de veiller à ce que les entreprises du marché intérieur contribuent à la durabilité en prévenant et en traitant les incidences négatives, elle doit être alignée avec les principales normes internationales de diligence raisonnable en matière de durabilité adoptées par les Nations unies et l’OCDE.

Dans cette analyse de la proposition de la Commission, Shift compare les points principaux du projet de directive par rapport aux normes non contraignantes que sont les Principes directeurs des Nations Unies relatifs aux entreprises et aux droits de l’homme et les Principes directeurs de l’OCDE à l’intention des entreprises multinationales. L’analyse se concentre sur les domaines au sein desquels un manque d’alignement sur les normes internationales risque d’entraver la capacité de la directive à atteindre ses objectifs. Shift délivre ici ses premières réflexions pour y remédier. 

The Case for Living Wages: How Paying Living Wages Improves Business Performance and Tackles Poverty

This report, authored by Shift, Business Fights Poverty and the Cambridge Institute for Sustainability Leadership, helps show how living wages not only offer a way out of in-work poverty and help tackle inequality, but also support business resilience, stability and growth.

As a route out of working poverty and a prerequisite to tackling growing income inequalities, living wages have growing support among business, civil society, and governments. This new collaboration of academics and experts has explored the business benefits of living wages alongside the high cost of inaction and found that paying a living wage can deliver:

  • More motivated and productive workforce, with lower staff turnover
  • Improved revenues and profits, for example, PayPal attributes much of its recent growth to the decision to pay ‘decent wages’ to all employees
  • Increased value chain resilience and performance
  • Reputational benefits
  • Improved investor prospects
  • Readiness for future regulatory reporting

Vorschlag der EU-Kommission für eine Richtlinie über Sorgfaltspflichten von Unternehmen im Hinblick auf Nachhaltigkeit,  Analyse von Shift

Am 23. Februar 2022 veröffentlichte die Europäische Kommission ihren Vorschlag für eine Richtlinie des ‘Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates über die Sorgfaltspflichten von Unternehmen im Hinblick auf Nachhaltigkeit.’ Ziel der Richtlinie ist es, sicherzustellen, “dass im Binnenmarkt tätige Unternehmen zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung… beitragen indem sie potenzielle oder tatsächliche negative Auswirkungen auf die Menschenrechte und die Umwelt im Zusammenhang mit der eigenen Geschäftstätigkeit, ihren Tochterunternehmen und ihren Wertschöpfungsketten ermitteln, vermeiden, abschwächen, beheben und minimieren . Group 33 Created with Sketch. ( Sorgfaltspflichtrichtlinie für nachhaltige Unternehmen, Erwägungsgründe unter (14))  

Shift begrüßt, dass die EU angesichts der Dringlichkeit der Herausforderungen für eine nachhaltige Entwicklung, vor denen wir alle stehen, eine Führungsposition in Bezug auf die Notwendigkeit verbindlicher Maßnahmen zur Verbesserung der Breite und Tiefe der menschenrechtlichen und ökologischen Sorgfaltspflicht einnimmt. Die Initiative der Kommission ist eine Gelegenheit, die in ihrem Potenzial, die Nachhaltigkeit in den Mittelpunkt des unternehmerischen Handelns zu rücken, ihresgleichen sucht.

Mit der richtigen Ausgestaltung könnte eine Richtlinie zu besseren Ergebnisse für die Menschen und den Planeten beitragen, indem sie qualitativ hochwertige Sorgfaltspflichtprozesse, die sich auf die schwerwiegendsten Menschenrechts- und Umweltrisiken konzentrieren, verbreitet, indem sie kreative Formen des individuellen und gemeinschaftlichen Einflussvermögens von Unternehmen, um Risiken in ihren Wertschöpfungsketten anzugehen, fördert, die interne Governance und die Rechenschaftspflicht in Bezug auf Nachhaltigkeitsrisiken verbessert und die Wege zu Abhilfe für diejenigen erweitert, die durch geschäftliche Aktivitäten geschädigt wurden. Damit diese bedeutenden Chancen jedoch verwirklicht werden können und die Richtlinie ihr erklärtes Ziel erreicht, sicherzustellen, dass die Unternehmen im Binnenmarkt durch die Vermeidung und Bewältigung negativer Auswirkungen einen Beitrag zur nachhaltigen Entwicklung leisten, muss die Richtlinie fest in den wichtigsten internationalen Standards für die Sorgfaltspflicht im Bereich der Nachhaltigkeit verankert sein, die von den Vereinten Nationen und der OECD angenommen wurden . Group 33 Created with Sketch. ( Die UN-Leitprinzipien für Wirtschaft und Menschenrechte (UN Guiding Principles) sind der maßgebliche globale Standard für die Vermeidung und den Umgang mit unternehmensbezogenen Menschenrechtsverletzungen. Sie erwarten von den Staaten, dass sie einen intelligenten Mix aus verpflichtenden und freiwilligen, nationalen und internationalen Maßnahmen ergreifen, um sinnvolle Veränderungen im Geschäftsverhalten zu erreichen. Die OECD-Leitsätze für multinationale Unternehmen (OECD-Leitsätze) orientieren sich an den UN-Leitprinzipien und decken neben den Menschenrechten ein breiteres Spektrum an Themen ab, darunter auch die Umwelt, und werden durch allgemeine und sektorspezifische Leitlinien unterstützt. Die Dreigliedrige Grundsatzerklärung der IAO über multinationale Unternehmen und Sozialpolitik bekräftigt diese Erwartungen, insbesondere in Bezug auf die Sorgfaltspflicht in Bezug auf Arbeitnehmerrechte )  

Bei der Analyse des Kommissionsvorschlags vergleichen wir zentrale Elemente des Richtlinienentwurfs mit den Soft-Law-Standards, die in den UN-Leitprinzipien für Wirtschaft und Menschenrechte und den OECD-Leitsätzen für multinationale Unternehmen enthalten sind. Wir konzentrieren uns auf jene Bereiche, in denen wir glauben, dass die fehlende Angleichung an internationale Standards die Fähigkeit der Richtlinie, ihre erklärten Ziele zu erreichen, beeinträchtigen wird, und wir präsentieren erste Erwägungen, wie diese am besten angegangen werden könnten. Diese Analyse enthält unsere fünf wichtigsten Überlegungen zu diesem Thema.

Análisis de Shift de la Propuesta de la Comisión Europea de una Directiva sobre Debida Diligencia en materia de Sostenibilidad

El 23 de Febrero de 2022, la Comisión Europea publicó su, Propuesta de Directiva del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo sobre la debida diligencia en materia de sostenibilidad empresarial. Su objetivo general es “garantizar que las empresas que operan en el mercado interior contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible… mediante la identificación, prevención, mitigación, eliminación, y mitigación de los impactos adversos potenciales o reales sobre los derechos humanos y el medio ambiente relacionados con las propias operaciones de las empresas, sus filiales y a lo largo de sus cadenas de valor”.

Shift se congratula de que la UE asuma una posición de liderazgo en cuanto a la necesidad de adoptar medidas obligatorias para aumentar la amplitud y profundidad de la debida diligencia en materia de derechos humanos y medio ambiente, dada la urgencia de los retos de desarrollo sostenible a los que nos enfrentamos. La iniciativa de la Comisión es una oportunidad sin precedentes en cuanto a su potencial para que la sostenibilidad se ponga al centro en la forma de hacer negocios. 

Con el marco adecuado, una Directiva podría mejorar los resultados para las personas y el planeta, incrementando los procesos de debida diligencia de calidad, con énfasis en los riesgos más graves para los derechos humanos y el medio ambiente, fomentando formas creativas de influencia individual y colaborativa por parte de las empresas para hacer frente a los riesgos a lo largo de sus cadenas de valor, mejorando la gobernanza interna y la rendición de cuentas sobre los riesgos de sostenibilidad, y ampliando las vías de remediación para los perjudicados por la actividad empresarial. Sin embargo, para que estas importantes oportunidades se materialicen, y para que la Directiva cumpla con su ambición declarada, la de garantizar que las empresas que operan en el mercado único contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible previniendo y abordando los impactos adversos, es fundamental que la Directiva esté firmemente basada en los estándares internacionales clave sobre debida diligencia en materia de sostenibilidad adoptados por la ONU y la OCDE.

Al analizar la propuesta de la Comisión, comparamos los elementos centrales del proyecto de Directiva con las normas de derecho indicativo contenidas en los Principios Rectores de las Naciones Unidas sobre las Empresas y los Derechos Humanos y las Líneas Directrices de la OCDE para Empresas Multinacionales. Nos centramos en aquellas áreas en las que creemos que la falta de alineación con la norma internacional dificultaría la capacidad de la Directiva para cumplir sus objetivos declarados, y aportamos nuestras reflexiones iniciales sobre la mejor manera de abordarlas. Este análisis presenta nuestras cinco principales reflexiones al respecto.

Shift’s Analysis of the EU Commission’s Proposal for a Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive

On 23 February 2022, the European Commission released its ‘Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence. Its overall objective is to ensure that companies active in the internal market contribute to sustainable development …through the identification, prevention and mitigation, bringing to an end and minimization of potential or actual adverse human rights and environmental impacts connected with companies’ own operations, subsidiaries and value chains . Group 33 Created with Sketch. ( Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive, Recitals at (14))  

Shift welcomes the EU stepping into a leadership position on the need for mandatory measures to increase the breadth and depth of human rights and environmental due diligence, given the urgency of the sustainable development challenges facing us all. The Commission’s initiative is an opportunity with few parallels in terms of its potential to drive sustainability into the heart of how business gets done . Group 33 Created with Sketch. ( The UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) are the authoritative global standard on how to prevent and address business-related human rights harms. They expect states to adopt a smart mix of measures, mandatory and voluntary, national and international, to drive meaningful change in business behavior. The OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises (OECD Guidelines) are aligned with the UNGPs and cover a broader range of topics in addition to human rights, including the environment, and are supported by general and sector-specific guidance. The ILO Tripartite Declaration of Principles concerning Multinational Enterprises and Social Policy reinforces these expectations specifically in relation to due diligence regarding labor rights.)  

With the right framing, a Directive could advance better outcomes for people and planet by scaling quality due diligence processes that focus on the most severe human rights and environmental risks, encouraging creative forms of individual and collaborative leverage by companies to tackle risks across their value chains, enhancing internal governance and accountability on sustainability risks, and expanding pathways to remedy for those harmed by business activity. However, for these significant opportunities to be realized, and for the Directive to meet its stated ambition, it is critical that the Directive is firmly grounded in the key international standards on sustainability due diligence adopted by the UN and the OECD.

In analyzing the Commission’s proposal, we compare central elements of the draft Directive against the soft law standards contained in the UN Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights and OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. We focus on those areas where we believe that a lack of alignment with the international standards will hinder the Directive’s ability to meet its stated objectives, and we provide our initial thoughts on how they could best be addressed. This analysis presents our five key reflections on the matter.

Financial Institutions and Remedy: Myths and Misconceptions

It can be difficult for sustainability practitioners within financial institutions to engage the institution on the third pillar of the UNGPs: Remedy. But engage them they must. There remains an enduring “remedy gap”: in too many cases, remedy is not available for people who are harmed by business activities, which financial institutions may be involved with in some way via their products and services. In this paper, we explore possible factors that contribute to this challenge: 5 persistent myths about FIs and remedy that may cause internal blockages and get in the way of achieving better outcomes for people. We address each of these myths in turn and offer insights into emerging good practices as well as some initial steps that FIs can take to move in the right direction.

This paper draws from Shift’s experience working bilaterally with financial institutions, and from discussions in Shift’s FIs Practitioners Circle.