Red Flag 14. Commodities with unclear provenance and visibility into impacts on workers or communities

This Red Flag may appear in a company’s Value Chain.

Using resources with limited traceability (including mass balance and spot markets):
- Agricultural and other “soft” commodity products (e.g., wood/paper, sugar, coffee, cocoa, wheat, soybeans, cattle, palm oil, cotton)
- Energy (e.g., oil and gas)
- Metals, minerals and metalloids (e.g., iron ore, copper, aluminum, gold, cobalt, silica)

Commodity traders, including:
- Trading companies
- Companies with trading arms
- Market-based/ financial sector commodity traders
Companies using commodities in the process of manufactured products, including:
- Agricultural commodities:
  - Food and beverage industry
  - Fast-moving consumer goods industry
  - Apparel industry
- Metals, metalloids and precious stones:
  - Jewelry companies (e.g., metals and precious stones)
  - Electronics and IT industries
  - Renewable energy industry (e.g., polysilica)
- Minerals and elements (e.g., mica, cobalt):
  - Electronics and IT industries
  - Automotive industry
  - Paints and coatings industry
  - Cosmetics and personal care industry
  - Construction industry
Greenhouse gas emissions-based market participants, including:
- Trading companies
- Carbon offset project developers
- Carbon market intermediaries and brokers
- Corporate offset buyers